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Ernest Henry "Chinese"〔(Ernest 'Chinese' Wilson ) Retrieved 09 March, 2010 〕 Wilson (15 February 1876 – 15 October 1930), better known as E. H. Wilson, was a notable English plant collector who introduced a large range of about 2000 of Asian plant species to the West; some sixty bear his name.〔Eliot Tozer, "On the trail of E.H. Wilson," ''Horticulture'', November 1994:59.〕 ==Career== Wilson was born in Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire but the family soon moved to Shirley, Warwickshire, where they set up a floristry business.〔D. J. Mabberley, ‘Wilson, Ernest Henry (1876–1930)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004〕 He left school early for employment at the local nursery of Messrs. Hewitt, Warwickshire, as apprentice gardener, and, aged 16, at the Birmingham Botanical Gardens; there he also studied at Birmingham Technical School in the evenings, receiving the Queen's Prize for botany. In 1897 he began work at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, where he won the Hooker Prize for an essay on conifers. He then accepted a position as Chinese plant collector with the firm of James Veitch & Sons, who were eager above all to retrieve the dove tree, ''Davidia involucrata''. "Stick to the one thing you are after," advised Harry Veitch, who had more than a dozen plant hunters on payroll, "and don't spend time and money wandering about. Probably every worthwhile plant in China has now been introduced to Europe."〔Quoted by Tozer 1994:50.〕 After six months at Veitch's Coombe Woods Nursery, Wilson travelled west towards China, stopping for five days at the Arnold Arboretum in Boston, Massachusetts, where he carried a letter of introduction to Charles Sprague Sargent and studied techniques for shipping seeds and plants without damage. He continued across the U.S. by train, and sailed from San Francisco, reaching Hong Kong on 3 June 1899. Sargent had suggested he head straight to Sze-mao to talk to Augustine Henry, who had seen a unique dove tree twelve years previously. Though the tree had been recently cut down when Wilson reached it, he rediscovered the specimens noticed by Père David 600 km away in Ichang, Hubei.〔Years later, the seedlings grown from these were identified as ''Davidia laeta'', not ''D. involucrata''.〕 Wilson collected for two years in Hubei Province, reaching isolated mountain valleys with an intrepid spirit that has made him legendary, before returning to England in April 1902 with seed of 305 species, and 35 Wardian cases of bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers, many of which Veitch introduced into Western commerce, as well as dried herbarium specimens, representing some 906 plant species.〔Tozer 1994:55.〕 On his first return Wilson married Helen Ganderton, of Edgbaston, but within six months Veitch sent him out again, this time with the yellow Chinese poppy, ''Meconopsis integrifolia'' as his objective. In 1903 Wilson discovered the Regal lily in west Szechuan along the Min River. He revisited the site in 1908 and collected more bulbs, but most of these rotted while en route back to the Arnold Arboretum in Boston. In 1910 he again returned to the Min valley, but this time his leg was crushed during an avalanche of boulders as he was carried along the trail in his sedan chair. After setting his leg with the tripod of his camera, he was carried back to civilization on a three-day forced march. Thereafter he walked with what he called his "lily limp". It was this third shipment of bulbs that successfully introduced the Regal Lily into cultivation in the United States. A few of the many plants introduced to western cultivation from his first expedition include ''Acer griseum'', ''Actinidia deliciosa'' (kiwi fruit), ''Berberis julianae'', ''Clematis armandii'', ''Clematis montana'' var. ''rubens'', ''Davidia involucrata'', ''Ilex pernyi'', ''Jasminum mesnyi'', and ''Primula pulverulenta''. Many of the species he collected were formally named by Maxwell T. Masters. In his reminiscence ''If I were to Make a Garden'', Wilson claimed to have introduced 25 species of wild rose to the West. One of them, ''Rosa willmottiae'' was named after Ellen Willmott a famous, important sponsor, expert and writer of "The Genus Rosa". Early in the 20th century Henry Morris Upcher, owner of Sheringham Park, Norfolk, England obtained ''Rhododendron'' seeds of various types from Wilson. Plants from this source which can found at the garden include ''Rhododendron ambiguum'', ''R. calophytum'' and ''R. decorum'', among others. 〔 Zealand. K. ''National Trust–Sheringham Park guide'' (1998) Retrieved 24 November 2008〕 In subsequent years he became a collector for Sargent at the Arnold Arboretum, and made further expeditions to China in 1907, 1908, and 1910, as well as to Japan (1911-1916), where he collected 63 named forms of cherry blossom. One of his footprints in Japan is Wilson's introduction of the gigantic "Yaku sugi stump" called in Yakushima to Western readers in 1914.〔(The old men of the mountains ): Yomiuri Shimbun〕 His hypothesis made in 1916, that the Japanese cherry ''Prunus × yedoensis'' was a hybrid, was supported by hybridisation experiments in Japanese national laboratories in 1965. He returned to Asia in 1917-1918, exploring in Korea and Formosa. Upon return to the Arnold Arboretum in 1919 he was appointed Associate Director. Three years later he set off for a two-year expedition through Australia, New Zealand, India, Central and South America, and East Africa. In 1927 he became Keeper of the Arnold Arboretum. Wilson and his wife died in Worcester, Massachusetts, on 15 October 1930 in an automobile accident. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ernest Henry Wilson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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